Research Proposal for Academic Achievement and Parental...

Abstract Most recently there has been much heated debate regarding our childrens education and the blamed responsibility to be in the hands of the educational system. However, researchers and educators generally agree that parents play an extremely important role in students academic development. Parents have been found to actually have the advantage over peers, educators, counselors, and other professionals. This study examines the assumed relationship with a students academic achievement and the amount of parental involvement they receive. There also seems to be an increasing trend toward higher educational expectations. High school sophomores in 1990 were more likely than sophomores in 1980 to report the expectation of†¦show more content†¦In addition, parent involvement is multidimensional and is reflected through parents behavior and attitudes, parenting styles, and childrens perceptions (Steinberg et al., 1992). Parents have been found to actually have the advantage over peers, educators, counselors, and other professionals. Thus serving as a continual, and perhaps more stable, resource for their children over their entire life span (Farmer, 1985; Trusty, 1996). One of many contributing influences is the socioeconomic status (SES) and gender variables, which will be included in the analyses. Both SES and gender are related to parent involvement (Trusty, 1996) Educational achievement is directly influenced by educational expectations and the relationship between parent involvement and educational e xpectations may be conditional on SES (Marjoribanks, 1986). SES influences adolescents educational expectations. Intergenerational goal transmission is more successful when parents have a higher education levels and prestigious occupations. The transmission of parents education goals to their children is more successful when parents agree on goals for their children (Smith, 1981, 1991). Parent involvement seems to have many dimensions and can be measured from many perspectives (i.e., those of parents, adolescents, and teachers). The relationship of parent involvement to educational achievement may be conditional on SES. Also, manyShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Children s Life And How It Promotes Positive Academic Outcomes Essay2064 Words   |  9 Pageshe or she must receive ongoing parental support from as earliest as Pre-K to the end of high school. Often times students are faced this educational journey alone without any ongoing support or encouragement from teachers, parents, or any other caregivers. As teachers we see the effectiveness of parent involvement in a child’s life and how it promotes positive academic outcomes versus those parents who are not involved in their child’s education. Not only does parental support help students achieveRead MoreThe Effects Of Parental Involvement On Academic Achievement2966 Wor ds   |  12 PagesSignificance of Study The scope of this research is to impart imminent knowledge characterizing hindrances and impediments that avert parents from participating in their child’s education process. Parents and educators will be asked to articulate their perceptions and mindset by clearly defining parental involvement while identifying perceived psychological, emotional, and physical barriers that inhibits parents from becoming stakeholders in the school climate. This study may assist impoverishedRead MoreHow Does Low Socioeconomic Status Affect the Development and Academic Performance of Children?1654 Words   |  7 Pages Question: How Does Low Socioeconomic Status Affect the Development and Academic Performance of Children? 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Continuously monitor, evaluateRead More History of Parent Involvement in Education: Family Organizations2450 Words   |  10 PagesHistory of Parent Involvement in Education: Family Organizations Parental involvement has been an issue in the United States since before the turn of the nineteenth century. Perhaps one of the most well-known organizations in support of parental involvement in schools was created in 1897. The National Congress of Mothers set up a statement of purposes that created the basis for their organization. The purposes included: â€Å"the education of parents for child development; the coà ¶peration of homeRead More Grade Retention Essay2992 Words   |  12 Pagesâ€Å"staying back†, â€Å"being held back† or â€Å"repeating†, has been the topic of much debate within the educational system. The controversy which surrounds this long-standing issue has been reinforced by such topics as the recent endorsement of academic standards. Research indicates that â€Å"the rate of retention has increased by approximately 40% in the last 20 years with as many as 15% of all American students held back each year and 30-50% held back at least onc e before ninth grade† (Dawson, 1998). TheseRead MoreEssay on Intrinsic motivation2302 Words   |  10 Pagesone need meet a student cannot move to the next step. Parental Involvement A very important factor involved in motivating students and creating life long learners is the parents. Parental involvement in school and home is important in motivating students (Deutscher, 2003 p.2). Not only is parental involvement important because it produces good role models, but it also gives the student another source to learn. Parental involvement includes many different things. Starting as young as infants

Skinners Theory of Operant Conditioning - 803 Words

Skinner Classical laboratory and daily application Skinner is one of the very first renowned behaviorists that came up with classical conditioning on organisms and on top of this, other experiments were also built like the operant conditioning experiments. The process of classical conditioning works with the introduction of neutral stimuli before the original stimulus and the same reaction is elicited from the organism even without the presence of the original stimulus. For instance in the instance of the Pavlov dog, it salivated with every sight of food as the original stimulus for the salivation. When a neutral stimulus was introduced like a bell that was rang each time before it was fed, the dog started salivating at the ringing of the bell even before the food was availed. Another famous experiment was of the Skinner box where caged animal detected that by pushing a given button or lever, food could roll into the cage. The voluntary action preceded the stimulus. Instrumental or operant conditioning, which is also in line with the experiments that Skinner conducted, is defined as a learning process by which the consequence of an operant response affects the likelihood that the response will occur in the future. Basically, operant conditioning is a stimulus response prototype that when reinforced conditions individuals or organisms response to a desired behavior. Our behaviors are shaped to be desirable or undesirable through reinforcements, punishment andShow MoreRelatedBF Skinners Operant Conditioning Theory543 Words   |  2 Pagesconsidered to be the father of the field of psychology known as behaviorism. Through his research in behavior, Skinner developed the theory of operant conditioning, or the idea that a new behavior can shaped. This was very different from classical conditioning where an existing behavior is reinforced through associating it with a stimuli. Skinners operant conditioning sought to develop an entirely new behavior th rough the rewarding of partial behavior or a random act that approaches the desiredRead MoreSkinners Operant Conditioning Theory Essay1906 Words   |  8 Pagessomething (Cherry, 2016). It is the internal state that activates behaviour and gives it direction (Huitt, 2011). This evaluation will consider motivational theories and their strengths and weaknesses as well as how Tom’s situation may be affecting him. The behavioural perspective of motivation concerning Skinner s operant conditioning theory argues that the consequences of a behaviour may change the probability of the behaviour reoccurring; in that any behaviour praised is likely to be repeatedRead MoreB. F. Skinners Philosophy of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay591 Words   |  3 PagesI think that B.F. Skinner shares my philosophy in the behavioral aspects of education. There are many points that have expanded my philosophy. One was the operant conditioning theory, which is when the behavior is changed through positive and negative consequences depending on one’s behavior. Positive Reinforcements can be anything from food and candy to a toy or sticker. Negative reinforcement could be a timeout, scolding, or maybe a spanking. It all depends on their behavior. One thing that surprisedRead MoreThe Theory of Operant Conditioning1136 Words   |  5 Pages The Theory of Operant Conditioning PSY390 October 6, 2014 Introduction The study of human behavior by psychologists such as B.F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike, Ivan Pavlov, and Watson is fascinating. These five psychologists each have different theories on human behavior. There are similarities and differences in each of the theories. Ivan Pavlov’s classical conditioning theory, studied animals and formed the basis for behavioral psychology (Cherry, 2013). Edward Thorndike’s theory of connectionismRead MoreVerbal Behavior and Verbal Response1328 Words   |  5 PagesSkinner, in ‘A review of B. F. Skinner’s verbal Behavior’ and ‘Selections from Science and Human Behavior’, discusses the idea of operant conditioning in human behavior, and functional analysis in human verbal behavior respectively. Both ideas seek to explain human behavior, whether in physical action or in verbal communication. Operant conditioning takes its root from Thorndike’s law of effect, dealing with reinforcing consequences that ar e contingent on a response (or specified behavior). FunctionalRead MoreThe Theory Of Operant Conditioning Theory Essay746 Words   |  3 Pagescame up with the idea of what is known as operant conditioning (Rholetter, 2013). Operant conditioning is one of two theories in learning that illustrates behaviorism (Kretchmar, 2015). It is according to Rholetter (2013), â€Å"the idea that behavior is the learned result of consequences†. Skinner believed that learning during operant conditioning is done based upon the outcome of a given situation (Lefrancois, 2012, p. 91). His operant conditioning theory is constructed on reinforcements consistingRead MorePavlov s Classical Conditioning Vs. Operant Conditioning1172 Words   |  5 PagesPavlov’s Classical Conditioning vs. B.F. Skinner’s Operant Conditioning Bhavika D. Patel Atlantic Community College Abstract Ivan Pavlov and B.F. Skinner both studied learning, in which they both did different experiments on different animals and with different conditioning. Classical conditioning is the process in which two stimuli become linked; once this association has been recognized, an originally neutral stimulus is conditioned to provoke an involuntary response. The dogs in Pavlov’s studiesRead MoreCompare and Constrast Classical and Operant Conditioning737 Words   |  3 Pagescontrast classical and operant conditioning, their theories, terminology, famous psychologists and applications of the theory for teaching. Classical and operant conditioning are two important concepts central to behavioral psychology. While both result in learning, the processes are quite different. In order to understand how each of these behavior modification techniques can be used, it is also essential to understand how classical conditioning and operant conditioning differ from one anotherRead MoreSkinners Operant Conditioning Theory Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesSkinners Operant Conditioning Theory B.F Skinner (1904-1990), an American psychologist who was the leading exponent of the school of psychology know as behaviourism, maintained the idea that learning is a result of any change in overt behaviour. Changes in behaviour are determined by the way an individual responds to events (stimuli) in the environment. Skinner described this phenomenon as operant conditioning. Action on part of the learner is called a response. WhenRead More Operant Conditioning Essay757 Words   |  4 PagesOperant Conditioning Overview: The theory of B.F. Skinner is based upon the idea that learning is a function of change in overt behavior. Changes in behavior are the result of an individuals response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment. A response produces a consequence such as defining a word, hitting a ball, or solving a math problem. When a particular Stimulus-Response (S-R) pattern is reinforced (rewarded), the individual is conditioned to respond. The distinctive characteristic

Business Career Goals for an Individual

Question: Discuss about theBusinessfor Career Goals for an Individual. Answer: Introduction: The present research study is a report study that has been done in order to show case what could be the different career goals for an individual like me who has undertaken an bachelor of business in accounting and also been working as a finance officer in a reputed institutions such as the Victoria University. In the present report there are two different sections. In the first section, the different career options that any individual could opt for have been given. The goals have been divided into three different term goals- Short term goal, mid- term goal and long term goal. The second part of the study focuses on the self appraisal of both personal and professional development through the learning experience of the work integrated. Career Goals: The career goals that could be taken up by an individual with such qualities could be divided as below according to different terms: Short-Term Goals: The short term goals of an individual pursuing a bachelor of business in accounting could be as follows: Take up internship offers: The internship offers could be taken up in order to gain work experience. The internships help in attaining not only knowledge of on job experience but also better future scope. Business School Communication Career Advantages: This increase the value of the accounting degree and people are more likely to withdraw more job opportunities and offers from it (Nouri and Parker 2013). Mid- Term Goals: The mid- term goals of an individual pursuing a bachelor of business in accounting could be as follows: Administrative roles: The business accounting certificate paves for the opportunities of getting different administrative roles in both private, non- profit and public companies. Higher degrees: After pursuing the bachelors of business of accounting, one may even opt for higher degree for higher studies abroad (Crawshaw and Game 2015). Long- Term Goals: The long term goals are the most important career steps as on these goals the whole career depends. The career goals that may be chosen could be: Management Accountant: For opting for a management accountant, a bachelor degree in accounting and an experience of minimum two years is required along with a professional license (Cron and Slocum 2013). Auditor: Auditing in a reputed company requires a minimum of a bachelor degree in accounting. With advancement one can upgrade to operational auditor from being an internal auditor (Clinton and White 2012). Self Appraisal: As it has been mentioned by Jeter (2014), the different career goals that have been mentioned and discussed earlier are the goals that could be easily achieved by anyone who has done or is still pursuing their bachelors of business in accounting. For achieving the goals that are set above requires different activities done on the basis of it. Different other degrees and study abroad is required for reaching the goals of higher studies and gaining more degrees. For the goals of getting some jobs, proper knowledge for the implementation of accounts is required. Skills and Experience Relevant to my Career Goals: For the completion of the above goals the only required thing is knowledge regarding accounts department and appropriate required degrees. The skills and the ability of performing the audits and maintaining the records book of accounts of a business organization is of utmost important for the completion of the goals set above. For the completion of the long term goal, a minimum job experience of 2 years is required which implies taking up of internships and other small jobs related to accounts department of any firm or organizations (Bills et al. 2014). Conclusions and recommendations: The above study shows the different career option that an individual with an accounting bachelors degree could take up. The career option goals that are mentioned in this study are divided into three types that are the short term goals, mid- term goals and the long term goals. The goals that are mentioned in these three categories are the scopes of different courses that on could go for after completing their bachelors of business in accounting. There are also recommendations for going abroad for higher studies. If studying more is not preferred then there are also different options such as the taking up of internships and other part time jobs that would help in gaining experience and also in improving the career roles. If the goals are to start for a constant long term option then one can also opt for some responsible post such as a auditor, senior or management accountant or management in reputed companies. References: Bills, K.L., Jeter, D.C. and Stein, S.E., 2014. Auditor industry specialization and evidence of cost efficiencies in homogenous industries.The Accounting Review,90(5), pp.1721-1754. Clinton, B.D. and White, L.R., 2012. The Role of the Management Accountant: 2003-2012.Management Accounting Quarterly,14(1), p.40. Crawshaw, J.R. and Game, A., 2015. The role of line managers in employee career management: an attachment theory perspective.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,26(9), pp.1182-1203. Cron, W.L. and Slocum Jr, J.W., 2013. Career?Stages Approach To Managing The Sales Force.Journal of Business Industrial Marketing. Jeter, D.C., 2014. Auditor Industry Specialization, Chapter 15. Nouri, H. and Parker, R.J., 2013. Career growth opportunities and employee turnover intentions in public accounting firms.The British Accounting Review,45(2), pp.138-148.

Maximum power transfer theorem Essay Example

Maximum power transfer theorem Paper The transformation is used to establish equivalence for networks with three terminals. Where three elements terminate at a common node and none are sources, the node is eliminated by transforming the impedances. For equivalence, the impedance between any pair of terminals must be the same for both networks. The equations given here are valid for complex as well as real impedances Procedures: The power supply was turned off. And the multimeter was used to measured the equivalent resistance of the network in the previous circuit we used =21. 5a ¦ The power supply was removed, we measured again the equivalent resistance =28. 4a ¦ The result in step 1 is smaller than in step 2. In step 1 , the power supply has not been removed, and it consists internal resistance. As it connects parallel to the circuit, the equivalent resistance will be smaller than without parallel internal resistance. The star-to delta or the delta –to –star transformation was used to calculate the equivalent resistance of network shown in figure 3. equivalent resistance of : The we calculate is close to step 1 but smaller than step 2. When we calculate the equivalent resistance of ,we don’t know the internal resistance of power supply and we assumed the internal resistance is zero and ignore it in calculation, so the result we calculate is similar to data with removal of power supply. We will write a custom essay sample on Maximum power transfer theorem specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Maximum power transfer theorem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Maximum power transfer theorem specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer